hmm, looks like a laptop? It might be using optimus, which is a whole other mess, especially on linux
For integrated Intel video cards, the open source is preferred, since it's maintained by Intel. No need to play with it. Unfortunately, that was what I was running back when I had your issues. Things were flying around my screen like spaceships in minecraft. XD
The best advice I can offer is to leave the video drivers as-is. There's a project called bumblebee which is trying to support optimus, but I'm not 100% sure your laptop uses it.
https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee#Installation
As for optifine, does it only occur when optifine is installed?
http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/249 ... much-more/
If you're running the HD D3 Ultra version, disable Multi-core. Check for the artifacts. If they still occur, try the standard version. If that doesn't work, just use the default minecraft.bin file, and check for the artifacts.
I'm guessing you updated java?